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Company Description
Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).
Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international innovation business concentrating on Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (through Baidu Search), and offers a broad variety of other web services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion online forum).
Besides its core internet search business, Baidu has actually diversified into several high-growth areas. The business is a leading gamer in self-governing driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and clever consumer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a years of investment in expert system, Baidu is among the couple of tech business worldwide to offer a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud facilities, foundation designs, and applications. [5]
The holding business of the group is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was incorporated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine established by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]
In December 2007, Baidu became the first Chinese business to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] Since May 2018, Baidu’s market cap increased to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu ended up being the very first Chinese company to sign up with the United States-based computer ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has increasingly concentrated on generative AI associated products. [13]
The Chinese government views Baidu as one of its national champion corporations. [14]:156 -157
Early advancement
In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted establish software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise worked on developing much better algorithms for search engines and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.
In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got a United States patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the very first search engine that utilized hyperlinks to determine the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li referred to his search system as “link analysis,” which included ranking the popularity of a web website based upon the number of other sites had connected to it. [20] It predated the comparable PageRank algorithm utilized by Google 2 years later in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later utilized his RankDex innovation for the Baidu search engine.
Baidu was integrated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu enabled advertisers to bid for ad space then pay Baidu whenever a client clicked on an advertisement, predating Google’s approach to marketing. [20] In 2003, Baidu released a news online search engine and image online search engine, embracing an unique recognition innovation capable of recognizing and grouping the posts. [23]
2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ
Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]
In 2007, Chinese federal government and Chinese market sources mentioned that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which permits the online search engine to become a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu has the ability to offer its own reports, besides showing certain results as a search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese search engine to get such a license. [25]
Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business’s first routine service beyond China in 2008. [26] The Japanese online search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]
On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would team up with Sina to supply mobile search engine result. [28]
On 18 November 2012, Baidu announced that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to use free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]
On 2 August 2013, Baidu launched its Personal Assistant app, created to assist CEOs, supervisors and the white-collar workers handle their service relationships. [30]
On 16 May 2014, Baidu designated Dr. Andrew Ng as chief researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]
On 18 July 2014, the company released a Brazilian version of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]
On 9 October 2014, Baidu announced acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce site Peixe Urbano. [33]
2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business
In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo job (Apolong), a self-driving car platform, in a quote to assist drive the advancement of self-governing cars including car platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud data services. [34] Baidu prepares to launch this task in July 2017, before slowly introducing fully self-governing driving capabilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu released a $1.5 billion autonomous driving fund to purchase as lots of as 100 self-governing driving tasks over the ensuing three years. [36] At the same time, Apollo open-source software application version 1.5 was also introduced. [37]
In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, vehicle industry suppliers, on automated driving and linked automobiles. [38]
In July 2017, Baidu GBU entered into a partnership with Snap Inc. to serve as the business’s main advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]
In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in several various languages. Smaller than a normal smartphone, the 140-gram translation device can also be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to operate on networks in 80 countries. It is still under development. Baidu will also be placing expert system (AI) innovation into smart devices, through its deep knowing platform. [41] [42] At the same duration, it has likewise led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, obtaining 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]
In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would launch self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the very same month, Baidu revealed that its first annual Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, combining Baidu executives, staff members, partners, developers, and media to talk about the company’s mission and technique, technology developments, brand-new product developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]
China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champs” in 2018. [49]:281
In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU business” portion of its overseas service, which established a series of utility apps consisting of ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This organization now runs individually of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]
2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing
In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese business in Hong Kong since JD.com’s listing the previous June.
In August 2021 Baidu exposed a new Robocar principle said to be capable of Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It also includes the newest second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external environments to provide predictive ideas to proactively serve the needs of guests.
In June 2022, Jidu Auto, an intelligent electric lorry business initially backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its first principle ROBO-01 in the form of a pre-production automobile. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electric automobile platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]
In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu released a newer variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]
As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s self-governing ride-hailing service, had completed six million rides utilizing driverless robotaxis across 11 cities. The service runs a fleet of over 400 driverless lorries in Wuhan. [56]
Domain redirection attack
On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were modified such that web browsers to baidu.com were rerouted to a website claiming to be the Iranian Cyber Army, thought to be behind the attack on Twitter throughout the 2009 Iranian election protests, making the correct site unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were consulted with a page stating “This site has actually been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later on responded by assaulting Iranian websites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later launched legal action versus Register.com for gross negligence after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance personnel altered the email address for Baidu.com on the request of an unnamed person, regardless of failing security confirmation treatments. Once the address had been altered, the person had the ability to use the forgotten password function to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out straight to them, permitting them to achieve the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The claim was settled out of court under concealed terms after Register.com issued an apology. [62]
Baidu employees apprehended
On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 workers of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted allurements. The bribes were supposedly spent for deleting posts from the online forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]
91 Wireless acquisition
On 16 July 2013, Baidu revealed its intent to purchase 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best known for its app store, however it has actually been reported that the app store deals with personal privacy and other legal concerns. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu revealed that its entirely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a definitive merger agreement to get 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest offer ever in China’s IT sector. [66]
Name
The name Baidu (百度) actually suggests “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “numerous times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having browsed numerous times in the crowd, all of a sudden reversing, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]
Services
Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its going public that year. [69] It is noted at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements
Baidu’s main advertising product is called Baidu Tuiguang and is comparable to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that allows advertisers to have their advertisements displayed in Baidu search results pages and on other sites that belong to Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results page are likewise based upon payments by marketers. This has actually triggered criticism and hesitation amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on issues regarding reliability of Baidu results. Often as many as the very first two pages of search engine result tend to be paid advertisers. [71]
Baidu offers its advertising items via a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it difficult for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party business developed a tool with a user interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu need to have a registered service address either in China or in specified East Asian nations. [75]
Competition
Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.
Baidu is the most used search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The variety of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]
In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal short article, [78] Baidu played down its gain from Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, however Baidu’s share of income in China’s search-advertising market grew six percentage points in the second quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study company Analysys International.
It is likewise obvious that Baidu is attempting to go into the Internet social media network market. Since 2011 [upgrade], it is going over the possibility of working with Facebook, which would lead to a Chinese version of the worldwide social network, managed by Baidu. [79] This plan, if performed, would take on Baidu with competition from the 3 popular Chinese social networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] in addition to induce rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]
On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a problem to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting for an evaluation of the behavior of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]
By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest rival who has actually rebranded its search engine as so.com, has increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]
In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have utilized anticompetitive strategies in Brazil against the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]
In a continuous competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise known as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]
Research and patents
Baidu has actually started to purchase deep learning research study and is incorporating new deep learning innovation into a few of its apps and products, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]
In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live requested a patent for its “DNA copyright acknowledgment” innovation. This innovation immediately scans files that are published by Internet users, and acknowledges and removes content that might break copyright law. This enables Baidu to use an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]
In April 2022, Baidu announced they got licenses from China to supply the very first driverless taxis. The company objective to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 autonomous cars set to begin offering trips to passengers within a 23-square-mile area in suburban begin starting 28 April 2022. [91]
In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless automobile that is planned to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]
According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents dripped in April 2009 from an employee in Baidu’s internal monitoring and censorship department show a long list of obstructed websites and censored topics on Baidu search. [93]
In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for violating the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it carries out in accord with the need of the Chinese federal government. [94] A U.S. judge has actually ruled [95] that the Chinese search engine Baidu can block works from its query results under flexibility of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that sought to penalize the business. [96] [97]
In 2017, Baidu began coordinating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security as well as 372 Internet authorities departments to identify details associated to “anti-government reports” and after that flooding “Baidu-linked web websites, news websites and gadgets with alerts eliminating false information.” [98] This was done using natural language processing, big data and expert system. [98]
As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators advised Baidu, together with other Internet companies, to “perform unique supervision” on news and details associated to the disease. [99]
In November 2022, Sustainalytics downgraded Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]
Controversies
Death of Wei Zexi
In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search engine result apparently added to the death of a trainee who tried a speculative cancer therapy he discovered online. The 21-year-old university student was called Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, a rare form of cancer. He found the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the healthcare facility had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment showed not successful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]
After Wei’s household invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the medical facility, Wei Zexi died on 12 April 2016. The incident triggered enormous online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top watchdog for China’s Internet space, dispatched a group of private investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report claimed medical advertising offsets 30% of Baidu’s ad profits, much of which originates from for-profit health centers that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of healthcare facilities across the country founded by medical entrepreneurs associated with the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The examination led Chinese regulators to impose a number of limitations on Baidu, including including disclaimers to marketing content and establishing channels for grievances about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mostly directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to proclaim that “Online search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]
Commercialization of Tieba
Baidu offered the hemophilia online community, one of the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified hospitals. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially revealed to the general public that all Baidu Tieba for all types of diseases will completely stop business cooperation and will only be open to reliable public welfare organizations. In action to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that private health centers have gone into a period of market transformation and updating, and are neither depending on publishing bar advertisements nor counting on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s choice will not have a negative influence on the market. [108]
DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps
On 20 April 2019, it was reported that several applications for Android devices established by the subsidiary company, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running profits improving background programs on user devices given that at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 recognized applications established by the business, and downloaded numerous millions times, were clicking web ads – even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase revenue produced by “clicks”. [109] Just among the apps, all of which were available on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user score of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]
Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another developer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]
Block in India
In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of several Chinese websites that were banned or blocked in India for nationwide security factors. [119]
2024 head of interactions debate
In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) triggered significant reactions throughout the Chinese social networks for backing hazardous work environment culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a colleague to be on a 50-day company journey throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has aroused further discussions amongst Chinese netizens relating to Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu openly asked forgiveness after the event and has apparently lost her job. Baidu’s stock cost fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the event. [121] [122]
Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual property in the People’s Republic of China.
Software market in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of search engines.
List of search engines by popularity.
China.
Companies.
Internet.
Technology.
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Further reading
– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smart devices”.